Víctima del pasado vs víctima a causa del pasado
Palabras clave:
Víctimas, condición de víctima, victimización, pensamiento histórico, conciencia históricaResumen
En este artículo, argumentamos que la conciencia histórica de los profesores de historia en formación de Sudáfrica debe entenderse en conjunto con la victimización competitiva y, como tal, evidencia la presencia de una doble conciencia. La victimización competitiva como forma de conciencia histórica se conceptualizó separadamente de la tipología de conciencia histórica de Rüsen (2004), ya que respondía a las manifestaciones negativas en las narrativas de los profesores en formación que analizamos. Así, las manifestaciones negativas en las respuestas narrativas aludían a una doble conciencia, con la victimización competitiva interactuando con la conciencia histórica de los profesores en formación y no con las otras tipologías de conciencia histórica. Este artículo estableció un vínculo esencial entre los estudios sobre la conciencia histórica y la victimización competitiva, donde tradicionalmente, en el amplio campo de la victimización colectiva, la educación histórica ha sido vista únicamente como transmisora de victimización (Noor et al., 2017; Vollhardt, 2012). La victimización competitiva, que no solo es facilitada por la educación histórica sino también por el estatus socioeconómico de los grupos dentro de la sociedad, presenta un panorama inquietante del camino de Sudáfrica hacia la reconciliación. Por lo tanto, nos preguntamos si esta es alcanzable a través de la educación histórica cuando dos grupos polarizados se ven a sí mismos como víctimas del pasado versus víctimas a causa del pasado.
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